Doenças capilares

Calvície feminina: conheça as suas causas e consequências

Por Amanda Gomes - 17/04/2018
4 minutos para ler

A calvície feminina pode estar associada a vários fatores, tanto genéticos quanto hormonais. Apesar de não ser percebida precocemente, como nos homens, é uma das principais preocupações estéticas entre as mulheres e pode causar muitos impactos emocionais devido à queda descontrolada dos fios e às falhas espalhadas pelo couro cabeludo. 

Imagino que você esteja se perguntando: “Será que é o meu caso?”, “Como descobrir qual é a causa específica da calvície feminina?”, “Como ela pode ser tratada?”. Por isso, neste post, explicarei tudo sobre essa doença que vem atingindo tantas mulheres e suas principais causas e consequências, principalmente psicológicas. Confira!

O que é a calvície feminina?

A calvície — também conhecida por alopecia androgenética feminina ou “female pattern hair loss“— é a principal causa de queda de cabelos nas mulheres. A condição acontece principalmente devido a fatores genéticos e alterações hormonais e pode se agravar em mulheres que estão na menopausa ou que têm a síndrome dos ovários policísticos.

Em um ciclo de vida normal, os fios de cabelo podem crescer por até 8 anos (fase anágena), parar por alguns meses (fase catágena) e, em seguida, cair e ficar em repouso por algumas semanas (fases telógena e kenógena) — sendo substituídos por fios novos e mais saudáveis.

Nas pacientes portadoras de calvície, os fios perdem a oportunidade de se tornarem maduros, espessos, pigmentados e compridos e ficam, a cada ciclo, mais finos, curtos, rudimentares, hipopigmentados etc. Recentemente, alguns artigos revelaram a possibilidade de haver uma inflamação de pequeno porte, mas crônica, em torno das unidades pilossebáceas, que podem evoluir para fibroses e cicatrizes ao longo dos anos.

Quais as principais causas?

Genética

A calvície tem grande influência genética e é de herança polimórfica. Pode se iniciar logo após a puberdade  — quando aumenta a produção de hormônios sexuais — e  evoluir ao longo da vida, piorando após a menopausa, quando ocorre a diminuição dos hormônios femininos e o aumento da testosterona (principal causa da calvície nos homens).

Hormônios

Um dos principais fatores hormonais para a calvície é o excesso do hormônio dihidrotestosterona, que produz muita oleosidade e destrói os folículos capilares. A síndrome dos ovários policísticos — que atinge mulheres em idade reprodutiva e induz à produção de testosterona além do normal —, a menopausa e o período pós-parto também podem levar ao problema.

Outros fatores que favorecem a queda dos cabelos são:

  • anemia (diminuição de ferro no sangue) e carência de vitaminas e minerais;
  • depressão e estresse;
  • interrupção do uso de anticoncepcionais;
  • alimentação inadequada;
  • reações alérgicas locais ou sistêmicas;
  • uso excessivo de secadores e chapinhas;
  • prender os fios com elásticos muito apertados;
  • tinturas e alisantes capilares.

Quais as consequências psicológicas na mulher?

A calvície pode provocar muito desconforto com a própria aparência para a maioria das mulheres, devido à perda acentuada de cabelos. Elas podem sofrer de baixa autoestima, se sentir incompletas, evitar o convívio social e, muitas vezes, desenvolver quadros de estresse, ansiedade, ou, até mesmo, depressão.

Entendendo o que é a calvície e sabendo que ela atinge mulheres de várias faixas etárias, é muito importante reconhecer o momento de procurar ajuda profissional para identificar as possíveis causas e tratá-las adequadamente. Inclusive, o tratamento dermatológico deve ser associado ao psicológico, para que ambos sejam resolvidos e um não prejudique o outro.

Quais as diferenças entre calvície feminina e masculina?

A calvície feminina pode ser tão comum quanto a masculina. Nas mulheres, ela é mais discreta e se caracteriza por uma rarefação dos fios. Não ocorre, no entanto, retração da linha de implantação, como nos homens, a evolução é crônica, mas, geralmente, muito lenta.

Já nos homens, os primeiros sinais dessa doença podem surgir no início da idade adulta, principalmente se existem antecedentes familiares. A condição é muito fácil de ser percebida, pois a perda dos fios pode ser completa tanto no vértex quanto nos recessos temporais.

Se você está passando por esses problemas causados pela calvície feminina, recomendo que procure um dermatologista capilar o mais rápido possível, para determinar as causas da doença e fazer um tratamento adequado.

E aí, gostou de saber sobre a calvície feminina e quer mais informações sobre como tratá-la? Continue a visita ao blog e confira o post acerca do tema! Vamos lá!

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